tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51083230008455372642024-03-13T14:57:45.146+00:00Technovation-technological innovation and advanced industrial control technologiesSupplemental Basic Electrical Training Course for Learning Industrial Process Automation Control System Technology, Electric Motor Controllers, GE-Fanuc, Mitsubishi, Omron PLC, Logic Programming for Applications with Industrial Process Automation SystemsIan Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.comBlogger64125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-63205679228393952592014-08-15T08:34:00.001+01:002014-08-15T08:34:55.802+01:00Operating Alternators or AC Generators in ParallelPointers for Operating Alternators in Parallel:
1) If the load of a single generator becomes too large that its rating is exceeded, it is necessary to add another generator in parallel to increase the power available from the power station. Before attempting to connect AC generator in parallel, the following conditions must be met:
1-1) The voltages of the alternators must be in phase.
1-2) TheIan Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-23258729046888095112014-08-15T05:09:00.000+01:002014-08-15T05:09:50.485+01:00Three Phase Synchronous Motor
Figure 1: Cutaway view of an eight pole, 2000 horsepower synchronous motor.
Introduction:
The synchronous motor is one type of three phase AC motor which operates at a constant speed from no-load to full-load. It is similar in construction to a three phase AC generator but it has a revolving field which must be separately excited from a direct current source. By changing the Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-71523852578677885242014-08-10T06:31:00.000+01:002014-08-10T06:31:01.918+01:00Polyphase Induction Motors
Figure 1: A typical three phase motor.
Figure 2: Stator of a three phase motor.
Figure 3: Rotor of a three phase motor.
Figure 4: Stator of a three phase motor with all the coils in their slots.
Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-35973031377282482692014-04-10T10:19:00.000+01:002014-06-16T04:33:25.475+01:00Shaded Pole Induction MotorShaded-Pole Induction Motor
Figure 1: Cutaway view of a totally enclosed fan-cooled shaded-pole induction motor
A shaded-pole motor maybe defined as a single-phase induction motor provided with an auxiliary short-circuited winding or windings displaced in magnetic position from the main winding.
Shaded-pole induction motors are used in a wide variety of applications requiring an induction Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-28172984080847877552014-02-07T11:00:00.000+00:002014-06-17T03:15:04.348+01:00Electrical Control Circuit Schematic Diagram of Two-Value Capacitor Motor
TWO-VALUE CAPACITOR MOTOR
Figure 1: An autotransformer consisting of a coil of wire wound on a laminated core. The coil is tapped at several points to obtain different voltages
Figure 2: A voltage approximately twice the line voltage will be produced across the capacitor with this connection.
Figure 3: A two-value capacitor-run motor using a capacitor transformer to change the Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-67278415070226520002014-02-07T09:57:00.000+00:002014-02-07T09:59:06.101+00:00Electrical Control Circuit Schematic Diagram of Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
PERMANENT SPLIT CAPACITOR MOTOR
Figure 1: A permanent-split capacitor-run motor with the capacitor mounted on the motor
Figure 2: An externally reversible permanent-split capacitor motor. To reverse, interchange leads T5 and T8
Figure 3: A two-voltage permanent-split capacitor motor connected for 115 volt operation
Figure 4: A single-value three-lead reversible permanent-split Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-57916443133859465782014-01-31T07:15:00.000+00:002014-01-31T07:47:41.039+00:00Electrical Control Circuit Schematic Diagram of Capacitor Start Motor
Figure 1: Typical capacitor start motor
Figure 2: Typical examples of oil capacitors
Figure 3: Typical example of electrolytic capacitor
Figure 4: Connection diagram of a capacitor start motor
Figure 5: Straight-line diagram of a four-pole capacitor-start motor
Figure 6: Connection diagram of a four-pole capacitor-start motor
Figure 7: Connection diagram of a non-reversible Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-48329172705310458662013-12-01T05:24:00.000+00:002013-12-01T06:16:43.367+00:00Standard Terminal Markings of DC (Direct Current) MotorsStandard terminal markings, as developed by NEMA, are given for series, shunt and compound motors in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3 respectively. These figures all show compensating-field as well as commutating-field windings since they are intended to cover both fractional horsepower and integral horsepower motors. Fractional horsepower motors do not generally use compensating windings and theyIan Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-1797009062983766242013-12-01T05:22:00.000+00:002013-12-01T05:22:36.739+00:00Reversing DC MotorsProcedure for reversing direct current motors
Direct current motors are reversed by changing the direction of current flow through the armature or through the field. In series motors, the usual procedure is to reverse the current through the armature. Figure 1 shows this method.
All that is necessary is to interchange the leads on the brush holders. Figure 2 shows the series motor reversed by Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-45181500330843983432013-11-30T06:47:00.000+00:002013-11-30T18:12:34.457+00:00Commutating Field (Interpole) of DC MotorsNearly all shunt and compound motors of 1/2 horsepower or more have commutating fields or interpoles located between the main poles. These interpoles have one winding of heavy wire and are connected in series with the armature as shown in figure 1. The purpose of the interpole is to prevent sparking.
There are usually as many interpoles as main poles, although half as many may be used without Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-87725169587744500772013-11-30T06:14:00.000+00:002013-11-30T18:03:04.729+00:00Types of Direct Current (DC) Compound Motors
Figure 1: Two-pole compound DC motor
The motor shown in figure 1 above is one of the four different types of compound wound DC (direct current) motors. Although this type is known as the most common form of connection, it is the one used most often and the one which should be used unless otherwise specified. It is essential also to discuss the other types of compound wound Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-44375586882914315002013-11-26T09:03:00.000+00:002013-11-26T09:49:15.831+00:00Wiring Connection of Direct Current (DC) MotorConnecting Direct Current (DC) Motors
It is of utmost importance to firstly know and understand the various internal configuration of the different types of DC motors before doing the actual wiring connection. Although DC motors may appear to only have two leads for its external wiring connection terminals, it will serve best to habitually apply a good practice of knowing first the type ofIan Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-74833556213192479072013-11-25T17:49:00.000+00:002013-11-26T01:29:40.679+00:00Types of Direct Current (DC) MotorsFundamental types of Direct Current (DC) motors:
1.) Series Field DC Motor - The series field DC motor contains field coils composed of a few turns of wire connected in series with the armature as shown in Figure 1 below. This motor has high starting torque and a variable speed characteristic. The greater the load the motor carries, the lower the speed.
At light loads, the motor Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-82780999157232822212013-11-24T07:58:00.000+00:002013-11-24T07:58:46.764+00:00Fundamental Overview of a DC MotorDirect Current Motors - DC Motors are used to convert DC energy into mechanical energy. They are well suited for use as either constant-speed or adjustable speed motors. The three types (Shunt, Series, and Compound) which are available provide the range of speed torque characteristics for applications which require:
- Smooth acceleration, retardation, or deceleration.
- A carefully controlled Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-79931348754299993152013-11-21T06:58:00.000+00:002013-11-21T06:58:44.361+00:00Warbling Alarm CircuitThe Warbling Alarm is made up of sawtooth wave generator and voltage controlled tone generator operated in tandem. Q1, R1, R2, C1, R3 comprise the sawtooth wave generator.
At the instant power is applied to the circuit, the voltage across C1 and hence at the anode of Q1 would be zero. C1 would then be slowly charged by R3 towards +12V. Once the voltage across C1 exceeds the value of the Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-55534830935880792072013-11-18T15:58:00.001+00:002013-11-22T00:26:59.168+00:00Inserting Alarm System to an Oil Pump Control CircuitAt some point in time, you may happen to have an old industrial pump unit wired inside an existing control panel that would require circuit modification in order to include an alarm system. What is being referred to here are pump systems most commonly found in industrial facilities such as oil pump, hydraulic pump, grease pump, water pump, air pump or air compressors, but nevertheless, the Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-585000998360582132013-10-30T19:03:00.002+00:002013-11-06T12:04:16.081+00:00Electrical Circuit for Controlling a Lifting Electromagnet for Overhead Cranes with Top Running Trolley HoistWhen the need to conveniently pick up and lift heavy iron or steel objects for transferring from one place to another was seen as a necessity in heavy industrial facilities, the concept of using an electromagnet was implemented due to its ability to be turned ON and OFF which was then incorporated effectively to the hoist function of overhead cranes.
Overhead-travelling-crane magnets are Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-46784830260452176382013-10-19T18:00:00.001+01:002013-10-29T01:47:29.121+00:00Wiring Connection for a Three Wire Solid State DC Proximity Sensor Without PLC
The previous article illustrated the
concept of the wiring connection of a 3 wire DC proximity sensor to a
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). Alternatively, in this article,
I will explain another approach on the wiring connection of
the same proximity sensor but without using a PLC.
The connection of a proximity sensor to
an electrical circuit is not limited to only one possibility. Instead
Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-71122353328159336752013-10-17T19:54:00.003+01:002013-10-20T05:20:58.510+01:00How to Connect a 3 Wire DC Solid State Proximity Sensor to a PLCKnowing how to connect a 3 wire DC solid state proximity sensor to a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is dependent on the type of proximity sensor and the PLC to be used that is specific to the design of the circuit and the preferred application.
There are two basic types of 3 wire proximity sensor applicable to certain types of PLC. The European standard PLCs are designed for positive logic Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-23845072130742840632013-10-09T06:48:00.000+01:002013-10-20T04:35:16.888+01:00Pinch Roller Automatic Grip Control After Shear Cut Using PLC ProgramWhat is a pinch roller? A pinch roller is a rotating machine consisting mainly of two rollers arranged in parallel either horizontally or vertically depending on the process required to pull the material that is rolled in the mill. These two rollers are coupled to a variable speed electric motor which is constantly rotating at a preset speed that is synchronized with the speed of the preceding Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-63214692400186838452013-05-06T03:07:00.001+01:002013-10-28T05:50:19.250+00:00Electrical Wiring Diagram Forward Reverse Motor Control and Power Circuit Using Mitsubishi PLCThis blog post is not only intended to provide a graphical illustration but will also explain the procedure and the operational concept involving the wiring principle of the forward reverse motor control circuit with the use of a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
A diagram of the ladder program contained inside the PLC memory specifically for this function is also included below to clearly Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-89860475827187753772013-04-15T17:54:00.000+01:002013-05-06T00:21:28.858+01:00Electrical Wiring Diagram Star Delta Control and Power Circuit Using Mitsubishi PLC ProgramThis article is intended to diagrammatically demonstrate the concept of the wiring principle of a star delta (wye delta) motor control and power circuit when using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ladder program to control the switching of a 440 volts induction motor.
The electrical components comprising the hardware parts of the circuit includes:
1.) 440 volts to 220 volts step-down Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-11848386985922800492013-03-18T18:21:00.000+00:002013-03-19T10:54:37.115+00:00Motor Start Stop Time Sequence Electrical Control Circuit Using PLC Ladder ProgramThe following is a sample tutorial of a typical timing sequence involving a start and stop function of a common DOL (Direct On Line) motor control circuit using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ladder program.
The electrical components comprising the hardware parts of the control circuit includes:
First stage start push button switch PBW (normally-open contact) - 1 piece.
Third stage Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-15999244583681404042013-02-13T18:11:00.000+00:002013-04-24T09:15:10.849+01:00Types of electrical circuit connections - Basic tutorial on series and parallel circuitThere are mainly two basic types of circuit connection in an electrical system. These two basic configuration are most commonly known as the series connection and the parallel connection.
Although there are a lot of other complex circuits constructed from various designs and installation purposes to suit specific electrical requirements, all of them are based from a combination of these two Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5108323000845537264.post-47346430100926279662013-02-11T00:33:00.000+00:002013-04-24T09:03:07.226+01:00Learn how to use an electrical multimeter - A basic introduction tutorial and multimeter manual
Introduction:
When you get behind the wheel of a car, what is the next thing that you would most certainly do besides closing the door and strapping yourself securely to the seat. Obviously enough, it is expected that you would turn the ignition to start the engine, grab the steering wheel, shift the gear and step on the pedal because this is the most basic routine that every driver would Ian Yamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03891675287718111859noreply@blogger.com